J GastroenterolJSGEThe Japanese Societyhttps:doi.org/10.1007s00535-022-01953-w1898of GastroenterologyORIGINAL ARTICLE-ALIMENTARY TRACTExpert consensus on vaccination in patients with inflammatorybowel disease in JapanTakashi Ishige'.Toshiaki Shimizu2.Kenji Watanabe3.Katsuhiro Arai.Koichi Kameis.Takahiro Kudo.Reiko Kunisaki?.Daisuke Tokuhara.Makoto Naganuma.Tatsuki Mizuochi1.Atsuko Murashimall.Yuta Inokis.Naomi Iwata2.Itaru Iwama3.Sachi Koinuma14.Hirotaka Shimizu.Keisuke Jimbos.Yugo Takaki15.Shohei Takahashi16.Yuki Cho17.Ryusuke Nambu13.Daisuke Nishida7.Shin-ichiro Hagiwaral8.Norikatsu Hikita17.Hiroki Fujikawa.Kenji Hosoi1 Shuhei Hosomi20.Yohei Mikami21.Jun Miyoshi22.Ryusuke Yagil.Yoko Yokoyama23.Tadakazu Hisamatsu22Received:30 July 2022/Accepted:28 December 2022Japanese Society of Gastroenterology 2023Abstract Immunosuppressive therapies can affect thedecision-making process regarding appropriate vaccinationimmune response to or safety of vaccination in patientsfor pediatric and adult patients with IBD and physicians bywith inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).The appropriate-providing critical information according to the publishedness of vaccination should be assessed prior to the initia-literature and expert consensus about vaccine-pre-tion of IBD treatment because patients with IBD frequentlyventable diseases (VPDs)[excluding cervical cancer andundergo continuous treatment with immunosuppressivecoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)]in Japan.Thisdrugs.This consensus was developed to support theconsensus includes 19 important clinical questions (CQs)10Department of Pediatrics and Child Health,Kurume☒Takashi IshigeUniversity School of Medicine,Kurume,Fukuoka,Japanishiget@gunma-u.ac.jp11Center for Maternal-Fetal,Neonatal and Reproductive1Department of Pediatrics.Gunma University GraduateMedicine,National Center of Child Health and Development,School of Medicine.3-39-22.Showa-Machi.Maebashi.Tokyo,JapanGunma 371-8511.JapanDepartment of Infection and Immunology.Aichi Children's2Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine,JuntendoHealth and Medical Center,Obu,JapanUniversity Graduate School of Medicine,Tokyo,Japan13Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,Saitama3 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,Department ofChildren's Medical Center,Saitama,JapanInternal Medicine,Hyogo Medical University,Nishinomiya,14Japan Drug Information Institute in Pregnancy,NationalJapanCenter of Child Health and Development,Tokyo,JapanDivision of Gastroenterology,Center for PediatricDepartment of Pediatrics,Japanese Red Cross KumamotoInflammatory Bowel Disease,National Center for ChildHospital,Kumamoto,JapanHealth and Development,Tokyo,Japan16Department of Pediatrics,Kyorin University School ofDivision of Nephrology and Rheumatology,National CenterMedicine,Tokyo,Japanfor Child Health and Development,Tokyo,Japan17Department of Pediatrics,Osaka Metropolitan UniversityDepartment of Pediatrics.Juntendo University Faculty ofGraduate School of Medicine,Osaka,JapanMedi