Maffeis et aL Italian Journal of Pediatrics (2023)49:69Italian Journal of Pediatricshttp5/dol.org/10.1186/s13052-023-01458-zREVIEWOpen AccessThe treatment of obesity in childrenand adolescents:consensus position statementof the Italian society of pediatric endocrinologyand diabetology,Italian Society of Pediatricsand Italian Society of Pediatric SurgeryClaudio Maffeis,Francesca OlivieriGiuliana Valerio,Elvira Verduci,Maria Rosaria LicenziatiValeria Calcaterra56,Gloria Pelizzo,Mariacarolina Salemo,Annamaria Staiano,Sergio Bernasconi,Raffaele Buganza,Antonino Crin1,Nicola Corciulo,Domenico Corica3,Francesca Destro7Procolo Di Bonito,Mario Di Pietro5,Anna DiSessa Luisa deSanctis7,Maria Felicia FaienzaGrazia Filannino,Danilo Fintini2,Elena Fomari,Roberto Franceschi2,Francesca Franco22,Adriana Franzese,Lia Franca Giusti23,Graziano Grugni24,Dario lafusco,Lorenzo lughetti5,Riccardo Lera26,Raffaele Limauro2,Alice Maguolo',Valentina Mancioppi,Melania Manco2,Emanuele Miraglia Del Giudice,Anita Morandi,Beatrice Moro29,Enza Mozzillo,Ivana Rabbone30,Paola Peverelli31,Barbara Predieri25,Salvo Purromuto32,Stefano Stagi33,Maria Elisabeth Street,Rita Tanas35,Gianluca Tornese36,Giuseppina Rosaria Umano andMalgorzata Wasniewska13AbstractThis Position Statement updates the different components of the therapy of obesity (lifestyle intervention,drugs,andsurgery)in children and adolescents,previously reported in the consensus position statement on pediatric obesity ofthe Italian Society of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology and the Italian Society of Pediatrics.Lifestyle interven-tion is the first step of treatment.In children older than 12 years,pharmacotherapy is the second step,and bariatricsurgery is the third one,in selected cases.Novelties are available in the field of the medical treatment of obesity.Inparticular,new drugs demonstrated their efficacy and safety and have been approved in adolescents.Moreover,sev-eral randomized control trials with other drugs are in process and it is likely that some of them will become availablein the future.The increase of the portfolio of treatment options for obesity in children and adolescents is promising fora more effective treatment of this disorder.Keywords Children,Adolescents,Obesity,Treatment,Nutrition,Physical activity,Cognitive and family-based behaviortherapy,Drug,Bariatric surgeryCorrespondence.Francesca Olivierifrancesca.olivieri@aovr.veneto.itFull list of author infor mation is available at the end of the articleBMCThe Author(s)2023.Open Access This artice is licensed undera Creative Commons Attribution 40 International License,whichpermits use,sharing adaptation,distribution and repoducton in any medium orfomat as long as you give appropriateceditto theofiginal author(s)and the source,provide a link to theCeative Commons licence,and indicate if changes wee made.The images orther third party materain thisaridle areinduded in the artids,unless indicated otherwise in acredit lineto the materiaL lf materalis no
