成人普通感冒诊断和治疗临床实践指南(2023)

·254·回际呼吸杂志2023年3月第43卷第3期Int J Respir,March2023,Vol.43,No.3·指南与共识·成人普通感冒诊断和治疗临床实践指南(2023)中国医师协会急诊医师分会急诊感染学组通信作者：张劲农，华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院急诊科，武汉430022，Email:jnzhangxh@hust.edu.cn;郭树彬，首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院急诊科，北京100020，Email:shubinguo@126.com【摘要】为优化普通感骨的临床诊断和治疗，中国医师协会急，诊医师分会急诊感染学组遵循最新国际医学指南规范化编写标准，编撰《成人普通感冒诊断和治疗临床实践指南(2023)》（简称《指南》)，本《指南》编写组以投票方式甄选出15个与普通感冒相关的关键性临床问题，包括病因学、症状学、治疗学和并发细菌感染的判断和处置，进行文献检素（包括中文和外文）和系统性分析，按改良后推荐、评审、发展和评估(GRADE)分级，评估临床证据质量，权衡利弊，分级给出推荐意见，传统医学（包括中医学）诊治普通感冒的理论和实践不在本《指南》范畴，【关键词】感冒，循证医学，指南△D0I:10.3760/cma.j.cn131368-20221221-01138Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of common cold in adults,2023Anti-infection Committee,Emergency Doctor Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor AssociationCorresponding authors:Zhang Jimong,Department of Emergency Medicine,Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology.Wuhan 430022,China,Email:jnzhangch @hust.edu.cn:Guo Shubin,De partment of Emergency Medicine,Beijing Chao-yang Hospital,Ca pital Medical University,Beijing 100020.China,Email:shubinguo@126.com[Abstract]To optimize the clinical diagnosis and management of common cold in adults,theAnti-infection Committee,Emergency Doctor Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association hasdeveloped the Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Common Cold in Adults,2023,(referred to as the "Guidelines")according to the latest standardization of internationalmedical guidelines.The task-force of this guideline addresses 15 key clinical questions associatedwith common cold,including the etiology,symptomology,treatment,and management of concurrentbacterial infections,base on systemic literature review of both English and Chinese languages.Quality of clinical evidences are evaluated by Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development,and Evaluation (GRADE).Recommendations for the clinical management of commoncold are finally given after careful weighing the benefit and harm of the interventions.The principleand practice of traditional medicine,including traditional Chinese medicine,in the diagnosis andtreatment of common cold are not addressed in this paper.[Key words]Common cold;Evidence-based medicine;GuidelinesD0I:10.3760/cma.j.cn131368-20221221-01138普通感冒（简称感冒）是一种局限于上呼吸渗出，伴有鼻气流阻力增高，但肺脏无影像学道的病症，临床表现为鼻塞、流涕、咽痛和咳嗽等异常。症候，可由不同种类病毒感染引发，为自限性疾感冒对人类社会的影响不容小觑。20世纪70病，症状持续时间通常<10d)。成年感冒患者年代美国社区调查显示：30~50岁青壮年每年可上呼吸道及副鼻窦影像学研究表明)，感冒具有出现2一3次感冒样症状，且年龄越小，感冒次数急性鼻副鼻窦炎特征，患者至少有一处或多处副鼻越多)。美国用于控制感冒的直接年花费近60亿窦（筛窦、上颌窦、额窦或蝶窦）发生肿胀和炎症美元（约420亿人民币）-)。瑞典调查显示：急性