Consensus StatementChinese Medical Journal"Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment ofborderline developmental dysplasia of the hip(2022 Edition)Jia Zhang2,Chunbao Li',Mingyang An.2,Yidong Wu.2,Kangkang Yu2,Yujie Liu',The Youth Group of the SportsMedicine Branch of the Chinese Medical Association,The Hip Sports Injury Working Committee of the Sports MedicineBranch of the Chinese Medical Association,The Hip Preservation Group of the Rehabilitation,Reconstruction SurgeryCommittee of the Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine,The Hip Preservation Group of Orthopaedic SurgeonBranch of the Chinese Medical Doctor AssociationDepartment of Sports Medicine,Senior Department of Orthopedics,The PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100853,China;Medical School of Chinese PLA,Beijing 100853,China.Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)is one of theBased on the principles of science,advancement,andmost common diseases causing hip pain in adults and ispracticability,the experts involved in this consensusan important cause of osteoarthritis (OA).Borderlineadopted the Delphi technique using three rounds ofdevelopmental dysplasia of the hip(BDDH)is a conditionquestionnaires and the group nomination method.Thisthat falls between a normal hip and adult DDH.In BDDH,consensus was developed by reviewing 13 issues ofthe lateral center-edge angle(LCEA)of the acetabulum isclinical concern related to BDDH,including theusually defined between18°and25°or20°and25definition,diagnosis,non-surgical treatment,arthro-however,this definition remains controversial.scopic risk factors,indications,and contraindicationsfor arthroscopy or PAO,postoperative rehabilitation,Freiman SM et a/2l reported that the prevalence ofand precautions.symptomatic BDDH to be as high as 12.8%,and the riskof OA in individuals with BDDHis 1.4 to 2.0 times that ofDefinition of BDDHa healthy population.The goal of hip-preserving treat-ment is to ameliorate pathological changes and delayThe definition of BDDH,the selection of imagingprogression ofOA.Main treatment methods include non-parameters,reference points of the outer edge of thesurgical treatment,arthroscopic surgery,and periacetab-acetabulum,and the range values have been controversialular osteotomy(PAO).Arthroscopy has been widely usedin the field.Imaging parameters used to describe thein the treatment of BDDH due to minimal invasiveness,BDDH definitions include:LCEA,anterior center-edgerapid recovery,and high tolerance,accounting for aboutangle (ACEA),Sharp angle,Tonnis angle,and anterior13%of the total number of hip arthroscopic surgeries;and posterior wall indices.Wiberg first proposed in 1939however,systematic reviews have shown average earlyto measure the acetabular bony outer edge LCEA tofailure rates of 14.1%(0%-46.0%)and 11.1%(1.8%-evaluate the coverage of the acetabulum to the femoral30.%)PAO can reposition acetabular coverage andhead.In 1990,Ogata proposed to use the sourcil edgeimprove biomechanics and joint stability,but it
