Human Reproduction Open,2023,2023(3),hoad023OXFORDhr包https://doi.org/10.1093/hropen/hoad023ESHRE PagesESHRE good practice recommendations on recurrentimplantation failureESHRE Working Group on Recurrent Implantation Failure,D.Cimadomo,M.J.de los Santos 2,G.Griesinger3G.Lainas5,N.Le Clef D5,DJ.McLernon D,D.Montjean,B.Toth3,N.Vermeulen 5,and N.Macklon i0.VIRMA Global Research Alliance,GENERA,Clinica Valle Giulia,Rome,ItalyTVI RMA Global Valencia,SpainDepartment of Reproductive Medicine and Gynecological Endocrinology,University Hospital ofSchleswig-Holstein,Campus Luebeck,Luebeck,GermanyUniversity of Luebeck,Luebeck,GemmanySEugonia IVF,Unitof Human Reproduction,Athens,GreeceESHRE Central Office,Strombeek-Bever,BelgiumSchool of Medicine Medical Sciences and Nutrition,Institute of Applied Health Sciences,University of Aberdeen,Aberdeen,UKFertilys Fertility Centers,Laval Brossard,Canada"Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine,Medical University Innsbruck,Innsbruck,AustriaLondon Women's Clinic,London,UK'Correspondence address.ESHRECentral Office,BXL7-Building1,Nijverheidslaan3,B-1853Strombeek-Bever,Belgium.E-mail:guidelines@eshreeuhttps://0 id.org/0000-0003-2436-2316.ESHRE pages content is not extemally peer reviewed.The manuscript has been approved by the Executive Committee of ESHRE.ABSTRACTSTUDY QUESTION:How should recurrent implantation failure(RIF)in patients undergoing ART be defined and managed?SUMMARY ANSWER:This is the first ESHRE good practice recommendations paper providing a definition for RIF together with rec-ommendations on how to investigate causes and contributing factors,and how to improve the chances of a pregnancy.WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY:RIF is a challenge in the ART clinic,with a multitude of investigations and interventions offered andapplied in clinical practice,often without biological rationale or with unequivocal evidence ofbenefit.STUDY DESIGN,SIZE,DURATION:This document was developed according to a predefined methodology for ESHRE good practicerecommendations.Recommendations are supported by data from the literature,if available,and the results of a previously pub-lished survey on clinical practice in RIF and the expertise of the working group.A literature search was perfommed in PubMed andCochrane focussing on 'recurrent reproductive failure','recurrent implantation failure',and 'repeated implantation failure'.PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS,SETTING,METHODS:The ESHRE Working Group on Recurrent Implantation Failure included eightmembers representing the ESHRE Special Interest Groups for Implantation and Early Pregnancy,Reproductive Endocrinology,andEmbryology,with an independent chair and an expert in statistics.The recommendations for clinical practice were formulated basedon the expert opinion of the working group,while taking into consideration the published data and results of the survey on uptake inclinical practice.The draft document was then open to ESHRE members for online peer review and was revised in light of t
