Clinical Nutrition 42 (2023)987-1024Contents lists available at ScienceDirectCLINICALNUTRITIONClinical NutritionELSEVIERjournal homepage:http://www.elsevier.com/locate/cInuESPEN GuidelinePractical guideline on obesity care in patients with gastrointestinaland liver diseases Joint ESPEN/UEG guidelineStephan C.Bischoff,Johann Ockenga,Ahad Eshraghian,Rocco Barazzoni,Luca Busetto e,Marjo Campmans-Kuijpers,Vincenzo Cardinale,Irit Chermesh h,Haluk Tarik Kani Wafaa Khannoussi,Laurence Lacaze k,Miguel Leon-Sanz,Juan M.Mendive m,Michael W.Muiller Frank Tacke Anders Thorell P,Darija Vranesic Bender 4,Arved Weimann,Cristina CuerdasInstitute of Nutritional Medicine,University of Hohenheim,Stuttgart,GermanyMedizinische Klinik Il.Klinikum Bremen-Mitte,Bremen FRG.Bremen,GermanyDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatdlogy.Avicenna Hospital Shiraz,IranDepartment of Medical.Technological and Translational Sciences,University of Trieste.Ospedale di Cattinara,Trieste.ItalyDepartment of Medicine,University of Padova,Padova,ItalyDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,University Medical Centre Groningen,Groningen,the NetherlandsDepartment of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome,Rome,ItalyDepartment of Gastroenterology.Rambam Health Care Campus,Affilated with Technion-Israel Institute of Technology.Haif,IsroelDepartment of Gastroenterology,Marmara University,School of Medicine,Istanbul,TurkeyHepato-Gastroenterology Department,Mohammed VI University Hospital Oujda,Morocco;and Laboratoire de Recherche des Maladies Digestives(LARMAD).Mohammed the First University,Oujda,MoroccoDepartment of General Surgery.Mantes-la-Jolie Hospital,Mantes-la-Jolie,FranceDepartment of Endocrinology and Nutrition,University Hospital Doce de Octubre.Medical School University Complutense,Madrid,Spainm La Mina Primary Care Academic Health Centre,Catalan Institute of Health (ICS).University of Barcelona,Barcelona,SpainDepartment of General and Visceral Surgery.Regionale Kliniken Holding Kliniken Ludwigsburg-Bietigheim gGmbH.Krankenhaus Bietigheim,Bietigheim-Bissingen,GemanyDepartment of Hepatology Gastroenterology.Charite Universititsmedizin Berlin,Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charite Mitte,Berlin.GermanyP Department of Clinical Science,Danderyds Hospital.Karolinska Institutet Department of Surgery.Ersta Hospital,Stockholm,SwedenA Unit of Cinical Nutrition.Department of Intemal Medicine.University Hospital Centre Zagreb,Zagreb,CroatiaDepartment of General,Visceral and Oncological Surgery.St.George Hospital Leipzig.GemmanyDepartamento de Medicina,Universidad Complutense de Madrid,Nutrition Unit,Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Maranon,Madrid,SpainARTICLE INFOSUMMARYArticle history.Received 23 March 2023Background:Patients with chronic gastrointestinal disease such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)Accepted 27 March 2023irritable bowel syndrome (IBS),celiac disease,gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)pancreatitis,andchronic liver disease (CL
