SOCIETAL PAPER:ENDOSCOPY AND PROCEDURESPediatric Magnet Ingestion,Diagnosis,Management,and Prevention:A European Society for PaediatricGastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN)Position Paper"A.A.Nugud,MBBS,MRCPCH,,'tChristos Tzivinikos,MD,MSc,,tAmit Assa,MD.MHAsOsvaldo Borrelli,MD,PhD,IIlse Broekaert,MD,Javier Martin-de-Carpi,MD,PhD,#Marco Deganello Saccomani,MD,PhD,"Jernej Dolinsek,MD,PhD,tM.Homan,Emmanuel Mas,MD,PhD,ssErasmo Miele,MD,PhD,Mike Thomson,MD,PhD,Marc A.Benninga,MD,PhD,and The Gastrointestinal Committee of ESPGHANABSTRACTMagnet ingestion is a special category of foreign body ingestion associatedWhat Is Knownwith high levels of morbidity and mortality worldwide,particularly if it isassociated with staggered ingestion of multiple magnets or with simultane-Magnet ingestions pose a huge health risk for allous ingestion of other metallic foreign bodies,especially button batteries.pediatric age groups,potentially leading to severeA special category of magnet ingestion is the ingestion of earth magnets,morbidity and mortality.which have higher levels of magnetism and therefore,potentially,carries aEarly recognition and correct management of magnetworse outcome.ingestion significantly reduces morbidity and mortality.Legislative bodies,scientific Societies and community-led initiatives haveAlthough many cases are reported to few several exist-been implemented worldwide with the aim of mitigating the effects of thising national Poison Control Centers,the total numbergrowing,yet avoidable potential medical emergency.of cases is likely underestimated on national levels.A scoping literature review summarized epidemiology,diagnosis,manage-ment,and prevention,including an algorithm for the diagnosis and man-What Is Newagement of magnet ingestion is presented and compared to previouslypublished reviews and position papers (North American Society of PediatricGastroenterology,Hepatology and Nutrition,National Poison Center,RoyalThis is the first European position paper with clinicalCollege of Emergency Medicine).The main emphasis of the algorithm is onguidance,developed in order to evaluate publishedevidence and to address controversial topics regard-identification of staggered/multiple magnet ingestion,and early joint gas-ing diagnosis and management of magnet ingestion.troenterology and surgical consultation and management.In most cases,a multidisciplinary approach with sur-Key Words:children,foreign body,magnet ingestion,magnets,gical and gastroenterology teams is required.neodymium magnet,rare-earth magnetsDuring the COVID-19 pandemic,in several coun-tries,an increase in magnet ingestion cases has(PGW2023:76:523-532)been observed..The European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterol-ogy,Hepatology and Nutrition proposes to form aoreign body(FB)ingestion is not an uncommon problem in pedi-task force aiming to prevent the morbidity and mor-atrics and may result in serious consequences without appropri-tality due to magnet ingestion injuries,b
