中国防痨杂志2023年6月第45卷第6期Chin】Antituberc,June2023,VaL45,No.6·543指南·规范·共识·核酸基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱技术在结核病和非结核分枝杆菌病诊断中的临床应用专家共识中国人民解放军总医院第八医学中心结核病医学部《中国防痨杂志》编辑委员会中国医疗保健国际交流促进会结核病防治分会【摘要】核酸基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flightmass spectrometry,MALD-TOF MS)技术在结核病与非结核分枝杆菌病病原学和耐药性诊断中的应用越来越多，为早期诊断，鉴别诊断和耐药鉴定提供了快速，准确的依据，然而，在实际应用中，临床医生对标本的选择，留取、送检时机及注意事项，报告结果的解读等的理解和掌握参差不齐，尚需规范化，本共识总结了核酸MALD-TOFMS检测技术应用于结核病和非结核分枝杆菌病诊断的临床适应证和标本采集注意事项，介绍了如何正确解读核酸MALD-TOF MS技术鉴定分枝杆菌菌种和耐药性的报告结果，以进一步规范核酸MALD-TOF MS技术在结核病和非结核分枝杆菌病诊断中的临床应用，提高临床诊断水平，指导临床开展早期精准有效的治疗，【关键词】核酸类，质谱分析法：结核；分枝杆菌感染；总结性报告（主题）【中图分类号】R52,R81Expert consensus on the clinical application of nucleic acid MALDI-TOF MS technique in the diagnosis of tuberculosisand non-tuberculosis mycobacteriosis Senior Department of Tuberculosis.the 8th Medical Center of Chinese PLAGeneral Hospital,Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis,Basic and Clinical Speciality Committees ofTuberculosis Control Branch of China International Erchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health CareCorresponding authors:Liang Jiangin,Email:ljgbj309@163.com:Wu Xuegiong,Email:xuegiongwu@139.com:An Huiru,Email:anhuiru74@sina.com[Abstract]Nucleic acid matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDLTOF MS)technique has been increasingly applied in the etiology and drug resistance diagnosis of tuberculosis andnon-tuberculous myoobacteriosis.providing a rapid and accurate basis for early diagnosis.differential diagnosis,anddrug resistance identification.However,it needs to be normalized that the clinician's understanding and grasp ofsample selection.retention,submitting time and precautions,and interpretation of report results.This consensussummarizes the clinical indications and specimen collection precautions of nucleic acid MALDI-TOF MS detectiontechnique for the diagnosis of tuberculosis and nomtuberculous mycobacteriosis,and introduces how to correctlyinterpret the reported results of nucleic acid MALDI-TOF MS technique used to mycobacterial species and drugresistance.It has important significance to further standardize the clinical application of nucleic acid MALDI-TOFMS technique in the diagnosis of tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis,improve the level of clinicaldiagnosis.and guide the early accurate and effective clinical treatment.[Key words]Nucleic acids:Mass spectrometry:Tuberculosis:Mycobacterium infections:Consensusdevelopment conferences as topic结核病是严重威胁人类健康的重要传染性疾病回回开救科李（资源服务）标识码(OSD)的开被科之一。世界卫生组织(World Health Organization学计划以二维码为入口，提保丰富的线上扩混功能，色括作者对论文霄景的语青介绍、该研究WHO)估计，2021年全球有1060万例新发结核病的附加说明、与读者的交互问答、拓展学术国等，可患者，死亡近160万例，新增45万例耐多药/利福平读者“扫一扫”此二数码即可莪得上逐增值服务。doi:10.19982.issn1000-662120230113耐药结核病患者。其中，我国新发78万例结核病患通信作者：梁建琴，Email:1jgb309@163.com:吴雪琼，Emil:者，新增耐多药/利福平耐药结核病患者约3.3万xueqiongwu@139.com:安慧茹，Email:anhuiru74@sina.com例，是全球结核病及耐药结核病高负担国家之
