Journal of Pain ResearchDovepressopen access to scientifie and medieal researchREVIEWConsensus Guidelines on Interventional Therapiesfor Knee Pain (STEP Guidelines)from the AmericanSociety of Pain and NeuroscienceCorey W Hunter2,Timothy R Deer3,Mark R Jones,George C Chang Chien5,Ryan S D'Souza5,Timothy Davis',Erica R Eldon2,Michael F Esposito,Johnathan H Goree,Lissa Hewan-Lowe2,Jillian A Maloney10,Anthony J Mazzola2,John S Michels,Annie Layno-Moses,Shachi Patel,Jeanmarie Tari Jacqueline S Weisbein3,Krista A GouldingAnikar Chhabra Jeffrey HassebrockChris Wie,Douglas Beall5,Dawood Sayed,Natalie StrandAinsworth Institute of Pain Management,New York,NY,USA;2Department of Rehabilitation Human Performance,Icahn School of Medicine atMount Sinai,New York,NY.USA;3The Spine and Nerve Center of the Virginias,Charleston,WV.USA:Pain Medicine of the South,Knoxville,TN,USA;5County Medical Center.Ventura.CA.USA:Department of Anesthesiology.Mayo Clinic,Rochester.MN USA;7Source Healthcare.SantaMonica.CA USA:Interventional Spine and Pain Institute Vero Beach FL USA:Department of Anesthesiology.University of Arkansas for MedicalSciences,Little Rock AR,USA;10Department of Anesthesiology.Division of Pain Medicine Mayo Clinic.Phoenix.AZ USA:nterventional Spineand Pain,Dallas,TX.USA:Delmarva Pain and Spine Center,Newark,DE.USA:Napa Valley Orthopaedic Medical Group,Napa,CA USA:Department of Orthopedic Surgery,Mayo Clinic.Phoenix.AZ USA;5Comprehensive Specialty Care Oklahoma City.OK.USA;Department ofAnesthesiology.Division of Pain Medicine,University of Kansas Medical Center,Kansas City,KS,USACorrespondence:Corey W Hunter,Email chunter@ainPain.comAbstract:Knee pain is second only to the back asthe most commonly reported area of pain in the human body.With an overall prevalenceof 46.2%,its impact on disability,lost productivity,and costonhealthcare cannotbe overlooked.Dueto the pervasiveness ofknee paininthegeneral population,there are no shortages of treatment options available for addressing the symptoms.Ranging from physical therapy andpharmacologic agents to interventional pain procedures to surgical options,practitioners have a wide array of options to choose from-unfortunately,there is no consensus on which treatments are"better"and when they should be offered in comparison to others.While it isgenerally accepted that less invasive treatments should be offered before more invasive ones,there is a lack of agreement on the order inwhich the less invasive are to be presented.In an effort to standardize the treatment of this extremely prevalent pathology,the authors presentan all-encompassing set of guidelines on the treatment of knee pain based on an extensive literature search and data grading for each of theavailable alternative that will allow practitioners the ability to compare and contrast each option.Keywords:knee,knee pain,genicular nerve,ablation,regenerative medicine,platelet-rich plasma,dorsal root ganglion,peripheralnerve stimulationIntroductionBackgroundKne
