Gastroenterology 2023;164:1086-1106GUIDELINESAmerican Gastroenterological Association-American College ofGastroenterology Clinical Practice Guideline:PharmacologicalManagement of Chronic ldiopathic ConstipationLin Chang,William D.Chey,2*Aamer Imdad,3.*Christopher V.Almario,4Adil E.Bharucha,5Susan Diem,.7 Katarina B.Greer,Brian Hanson,.10 Lucinda A.Harris,11 Cynthia Ko,12M.Hassan Murad,13 Amit Patel,14 Eric D.Shah,2.15 Anthony J.Lembo,16.s andShahnaz Sultan6.17.sVatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases,David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA,Los Angeles,Califomia;Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology,Michigan Medicine,Ann Arbor,Michigan;Division ofGastroenterology,Hepatology and Nutrition,Department of Pediatrics,SUNY Upstate Medical University,Syracuse,NewYork;Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,Department of Medicine,Cedars-Sinai Medical Center,LosAngeles,Califomia;Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,Department of Intemal Medicine,Mayo Clinic,Rochester,Minnesota;5Minneapolis VA Healthcare System,Minneapolis,Minnesota;University of Minnesota School of Medicine,Minneapolis,Minnesota;Cleveland VA Healthcare System,Cleveland,Ohio;Case Western Reserve University,Cleveland,Ohio;1Department of Medicine,University of Minnesota,Minneapolis,Minnesota;1Division of GastroenterologyHepatology,Mayo Clinic,Phoenix,Arizona;12Division of Gastroenterology&Hepatology,University of Washington,Washington,DC;13Mayo Clinic,Rochester,Minnesota;14Division of Gastroenterology,Duke University School of Medicineand the Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center,Durham,North Carolina:15Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology,Department of Medicine,DartMouth Health,Lebanon,New Hampshire;1Department of Gastroenterology,Hepatology&Nutrition,Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute;Cleveland Clinic,Cleveland,Ohio;and 17University of Minnesota,Minneapolis,MinnesotaThis artice has an accompanying continuing medical education activity,also eligible for MOC credit,on page e25.LearningObjective:Upon completion of this CME activity,successful learners will be able to identify pharmacologic treatment options forthe management of individuals with chronic idiopathic constipation.INTRODUCTION:Chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC)is acounter and prescription pharmacological agents available forcommon disorder associated with significant impairment in the treatment of CIC.The guidelines are meant to provide aquality of life.This dinical practice guideline,jointly developedframework for approaching the management of CIC;clinicalby the American Gastroenterological Association and theproviders should engage in shared decision making based onAmerican College of Gastroenterology,aims to inform clinicianspatient preferences as well as medication cost and availability.and patients by providing evidence-based practice recommen-Limitations and gaps in the evidence are highlighted to helpdations for the pharmacological treatment of CIC in adults.guide future resea
