Head Tramma Rebabil6l38,No.1Pp.83-102OPENCopyright 2023 The Authors.Published by Wolters Kluwer Health,Inc.INCOG 2.0 Guidelines for CognitiveRehabilitation Following TraumaticBrain Injury,Part V:MemoryDiana Velikonja,PhD,MScCP;Jennie Ponsford,PhD,A0,MA(Clinical Neuropsychology);Shannon Janzen,MSc;Amber Harnett,MSc,BSc,BScN;Eleni Patsakos,MSc;Mary Kennedy,PhD,CCC-SLP;Leanne Togher,PhD,BAppSc (SpeechPathRobert Teasell,MD,FRCPC;Amanda Mclntyre,RN;Penny Welch-West,MCISc,SLP Reg CASLPO;Ailene Kua,MSc,PMP;Mark Theodore Bayley,MD,FRCPCIntroduction:Memory impairments affecting encoding,acquisition,and retrieval of information after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI)have debilitating and enduring functional consequences.The interventionalresearch reviewed primarily focused on mild to severe memory impairments in episodic and prospective memory.As memory is a common focus of cognitive rehabilitation,clinicians should understand and use the latest evidence.Therefore,the INCOG (Intemational Cognitive")2014 clinical practice guidelines were updated.Methods:Anexpert panel of clinicians/researchers reviewed evidence published since 2014 and developed updated recommen-dations for intervention for memory impairments post-TBI,a decision-making algorithm,and an audit tool forreview of clinical practice.Results:The interventional research approaches for episodic and prospective memoryfrom 2014 are synthesized into 8 recommendations (6 updated and 2 new).Six recommendations are based onlevel A evidence and 2 on level B.In summary,they incude the efficacy of choosing individual or multipleinternal compensatory strategies,which can be delivered in a structured or individualized program.Of the extemalcompensatory strategies,which should be the primary strategy for severe memory impairment,electronic remindersystems such as smartphone technology are preferred,with technological advances increasing their viability overtraditional systems.Furthermore,microprompting personal digital assistant technology is recommended to cuecompletion of complex tasks.Memory strategies should be taught using instruction that considers the individual'sfunctional and contextual needs while constraining errors.Memory rehabilitation programs can be delivered inan individualized or mixed format using group instruction.Computer cognitive training should be conductedwith therapist guidance.Limited evidence exists to suggest that acetylcholinesterase inhibitors improve memory,Autbor Affdliations:Acquired Brain Injury Program,Hamilton HeabSciences,Hamilton,Omario,Canada,and Departmen of pspcbiatry andWe gratgfully acnowledge the support of the Ministry of Heakb ofthe provinceBobavioural Neurosciences,DeGroote Sdool of Medicinge,McMasterof Ontario,Canada.University,Hamilton,Ontario,Canada (Dr Velikonja);Monash EpworthRebabilitation Research Centre,Turner Istitute for Brain and MentalThe project described in this artick was fiunded tbrough tbe Ministry of HealthHealth,Soool of Psycbologic
